Domain name explained

The domain name is a unique identifier that is utilized for accessing websites. Thanks to the Domain Name System (DNS) – a hierarchical naming system that translates domain names into IP addresses, users can connect to websites using domain names. Compared to IP addresses, domain names are very easy to remember for regular users. 

The structure of a domain name, starting from left to right, is the following: 

• Subdomain: It is located on the left side of a secondary domain and serves as an extension to the primary domain. A subdomain, such as blog.site.com, represents a separate website section. It should be noted that not every domain has a subdomain.
• Second-Level Domain: It is positioned in the middle of a domain name and is usually the most memorable part of the domain structure. People commonly use their personal or business names.
• Top-Level Domain (TLD): It is the extension at the very end of the domain name, such as .com or .net.

The complete version of a domain name, also known as the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN), also includes the hostname.

Now that you know more about domain names and the position of the TLD (Top-Level Domain), let’s explain a little bit more about what it actually is.

What does TLD stand for?

The short acronym TLD stands for Top-Level Domain and represents the last part of the domain name, located after the last dot. Also known as domain extensions, TLDs can help to recognize some aspects of a website, such as its purpose or geographical area.

In the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, the TLD (Top-Level Domain) defines the first stop after the Root zone. Additionally, it has an extremely vital role in the DNS lookup process (DNS resolution). When a user types a domain name into their browser, like example.net, the Recursive DNS server searches the corresponding IP address by communicating with many servers, including the TLD server. In this case, the TLD is .net, so the Recursive DNS server will contact the TLD server responsible for all domains with the extension .net. Then the search continues until the Recursive DNS server gets the requested IP address from the Authoritative DNS server of example.net.

The Evolution of TLDs

In the early days of the Internet, there were only several TLDs, and securing a .com domain was the ultimate goal for businesses looking to establish an online presence. However, as the Internet expanded, the demand for domain names grew as well. That led to the introduction of a more diverse range of TLDs.

The introduction of new gTLDs (generic top-level domains) has been a game-changer. These gTLDs are more specific and offer a wider collection of choices for domain names. Some popular gTLDs include .app, .blog, .guru, .tech, and .io, to name just a few. These new gTLDs have opened up a world of creative possibilities for domain names and allow businesses and individuals to craft web addresses that are more relevant to their specific niche.

Types of TLDs

There are several main types of TLD (Top-Level Domain).

Generic Top-level Domains (gTLD)

They are the most popular TLDs, and they can serve so many different purposes. Here are some of the most popular generic TLDs:

• .com – At present days, it’s the most widely used TLD. Yet, originally it was used for commercial sites. 
• .net – At first, it was utilized by businesses working with networking technology. Currently, all sorts of organizations and companies benefit from it.
• .org – It comes from “organization,” and that is why it is very suitable for many nonprofit associations.
• .tech – A very suitable and preferred choice for tech companies.
• .biz – A great extension of all kinds of businesses.

Choose your Generic or Country TLD from ClouDNS

Country Code Top-level Domains (ccTLD)

The ccTLDs illustrate different countries and geographical areas. They are usually two-letter codes specified by ISO 3166-1 alpha 2. An interesting fact is that there are more than 300 ccTLDs in the IANA’s list. The reason for that is simple ccTLDs can also illustrate sovereign states and dependent territories. Here are several examples of popular ccTLDs:

• .us – United States
• .ca – Canada
• .de – Germany
• .fr – France
• .cn – China
• .es – Spain

Sponsored Top-level Domains (sTLD)

Sponsored Top-Level Domains, according to the name, are proposed and supervised by private organizations. Usually, these entities are businesses, government agencies, and different organized groups.

The Sponsored Top-Level Domains (sTLD) list only contains a short number of alternatives. Back in the day, such types of TLDs were only .edu, .gov, and .mil. Yet, in recent years have been created new Sponsored Top-Level Domains and their number has increased. 

Here are some of the most popular sTLDs:

• .gov – for United States governmental agencies
• .edu – for higher educational organizations
• .mil – for usage by the US military
• .museum – for museum institutions
• .travel – for travel industry companies

Infrastructure Top-Level Domain (ARPA)

The Infrastructure Top-Level Domain is a special category that actually includes just one single TLD, which is the Address and Routing Parameter Area (ARPA). In addition, IANA directly manages the domain extension .arpa for the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) under the guidance of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). It is utilized only for technical infrastructure purposes.

Test Top-Level Domains (tTLD)

The Test Top-Level Domains, also known as tTLD, are extensions reserved for local testing and documentation objectives only. Therefore, they can not be established in the global Domain Name System (DNS).

Here are the four tTLDs:

• .test – reserved for testing various scenarios or software
• .localhost – used for testing local networks.

What is Localhost (IP 127.0.0.1)?

• .example – dedicated for placeholders and documentation objectives
• .invalid – displays invalid domain names

Who’s accountable for managing TLDs?

ICANN is responsible for managing the TLDs. The short acronym stands for Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, which is actually a non-profit organization. That is possible thanks to a division of ICANN known as IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).

In addition, ICANN/IANA delegates some of the responsibilities for certain Top-Level Domains to other organizations.

How to choose the right TLD for you?

Choosing a TLD could sometimes be overwhelming. So here are a little bit more details and tips that will help you make your decision more effortlessly.

• Choose a TLD that corresponds to your business characteristics.
• Keep it short. That way, you make it clear and concise, and your visitors don’t get confused when writing your domain name into their browsers.
• Check availability. The combination of your SLD and your chosen TLD could be already taken.
• Target your market. Choose a specific ccTLD, in case you want to focus on a precise county.
• Exact match with your brand. Make sure to register a domain name that is not misspelled. That would confuse your visitors.
• Popular TLDs, like .com, .org, net, and .info, are usually considered more trustworthy by regular users. 
• Consider new gTLDs. By selecting a newer TLD, you can distinguish your business from opponents. Additionally, some of them help you create amazing domain names. For example, there are industry TLDs like .film, .press, .digital, and more. 

Why TLDs Matter?

When it comes to establishing a web presence, your choice of a Top-Level Domain (TLD) isn’t just a matter of aesthetics. It’s a strategic decision that can significantly impact your online identity. 

Top Level Domains play a crucial role in defining the purpose, scope, and geographic relevance of your website. They help your visitors understand the nature of your online presence. For instance, a .com TLD traditionally signifies a commercial website, while .org often indicates a nonprofit organization.

We’ll also discuss how TLDs influence search engine optimization (SEO) and user trust. Understanding the importance of Top Level Domains can help you make an informed choice that aligns with your brand, target audience, and marketing goals. 

The Impact of TLDs on SEO

The choice of TLD can impact your website’s search engine optimization (SEO) efforts. While it’s true that Google’s algorithms treat all TLDs equally, user behavior can differ depending on the domain extension. Here’s how your Top Level Domain can influence SEO:

• Credibility and Trust: Traditional TLDs like .com, .org, and .net are often associated with credibility and trust. Users tend to trust websites with these domain extensions more, which can indirectly affect your SEO.
• Keyword Relevance: If you include relevant keywords in your domain name, they can contribute to your SEO efforts. For instance, if you run a plumbing business, a domain like “www.yourplumbingexperts.com” can help your website rank higher for plumbing-related keywords.
• Geotargeting: Country code TLDs (ccTLDs) can help your website rank well in local searches. If you’re a local business, using a ccTLD can be beneficial for your SEO in your target region.
• Niche Relevance: Using a domain extension that is relevant to your niche can signal to both users and search engines that your website is focused on a specific topic, potentially improving your rankings for related keywords.

It’s important to mention that while the choice of TLD can have an impact on SEO indirectly, it is just one of many factors. High-quality content, backlinks, website speed, and mobile-friendliness still play more critical roles in your website’s ranking on search engine results pages (SERPs).

The Importance of TLD in Branding

Top-Level Domains (TLDs) play a crucial role in branding by shaping the first impression of a website and influencing user perception. Traditional TLDs like .com, .org, and .gov are widely recognized and associated with established, reputable organizations. Users often perceive sites with these TLDs as more credible, which can reinforce brand identity. For nonprofits, the .org TLD is often preferred because it signals authenticity and a mission-driven focus, while government and educational institutions use .gov and .edu, respectively, to communicate authority and reliability. 

Newer, industry-specific TLDs like .tech, .store, and .design allow businesses to communicate their niche directly through their domain, making them instantly recognizable to targeted audiences. Selecting the right TLD is essential as it communicates brand credibility, relevance, and industry focus, which can enhance customer trust and reinforce the brand message.

Future Trends in TLDs: What’s on the Horizon?

The future of Top-Level Domains (TLDs) points toward increased diversity, personalization, and regional relevance. With thousands of TLD options now available, businesses and individuals are looking beyond traditional options like .com to more unique and memorable TLDs that better reflect their brand identity. We can expect a continued rise in specialized TLDs that cater to niches like .tech, .shop, and .media, enabling brands to create highly specific web addresses that stand out in search results and user memory while also making their purpose immediately clear to users.

Geographic and regional TLDs are also expected to see more growth. TLDs like .nyc, .paris, and .tokyo are gaining popularity as businesses aim to establish local relevance. These TLDs support geotargeting in SEO strategies and appeal to users who seek local services, thus building brand trust and visibility within specific regions.

Another significant trend is the focus on cybersecurity. New TLDs with enhanced security protocols, such as .bank and .insurance, are on the rise, providing users with added assurance. This shift reflects a broader trend of using TLDs to express trustworthiness and enhance user confidence in online interactions.

Finally, the rise of new technologies, including blockchain, has introduced decentralized domains. These TLDs operate outside traditional ICANN regulations, allowing users more control over their digital presence without intermediaries. While still experimental, this trend hints at a future where decentralized domains could play a larger role as blockchain technology advances.

Conclusion

The Top-Level Domain (TLD) is very important and provides details about your business purpose or location. Additionally, it helps you reach the desired market. That is why it is crucial to confuse your audience. There are lots of different types of TLDs. So, make sure to choose one that better suits your needs.

The post What is TLD? appeared first on ClouDNS Blog.

To be more precise, the domain name resolution is a translation process between the domain name that people use while writing in their browsers and the site’s IP addresses. You need the IP address of a site to know where it is located and load it.

A website could have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, and the DNS resolution of a domain name will ask for both of them. The IPv4 address will come in the form of a DNS A record, and the IPv6 will come in a DNS AAAA record.

Let’s get into the details, and see how it works, shall we?

Domain name resolution – Why is it important?

In the world of the Internet, the addresses don’t contain streets and cities. They have numbers and symbols. There are two types of addresses: IPv4 and IPv6. In order to enter a particular website, the user needs to get its IP. Instead of remembering all of the IPs of every website, we simply need to remember the domain name. The domain name is usually not hard to remember, and this makes it easier. When the user types the name of the website, the process of the domain name resolution starts.

So let’s proceed and explain the whole process of DNS resolution.

DNS resolution process

The browser of a user needs to get the IP and sends queries to the name servers. This process involves domain name resolvers. The first answer that your browser will get is the root server, then the TLD (top-level domain). The servers with the TLD of the website you want to visit (com, net, or another) will refer your queries to the next step in searching authoritative servers that know the exact IP address of the domain name. Then the domain name will be resolved.

Let’s breakdown the DNS resolution step-by-step: 

1. A user is typing a domain name like cloudns.net into their browser. The user needs an A or AAAA DNS record to resolve the domain name.
2. If your device’s cache has the IP address of cloudns.net, the domain name resolution will finish here, and the user will be able to open the website. But, if it does not, there will be more steps. The devices keep DNS records for visited sites, depending on the TTL (Time to Live) values of those DNS records. After the time they indicate, they will be deleted, and a new query needs to be performed.
3. If your computer doesn’t have the needed IP address, it will search for the answer by performing a DNS resolution query. The next destination on the way will be the recursive DNS servers of the internet services provider. They also keep a cache with DNS records of domain names that users have accessed. If the desired site’s DNS records are still there, the user will get an answer to its query and access the site. If not, there will be a series of interactive DNS queries to find the answer.
4. If the domain name resolution didn’t finish with the previous step, the recursive nameserver would search for the answer. The next step will be to ask the Root server, which is indicated with a “.” sign after the TLD (top-level domain). The Root server does not have an answer about the exact domain name, but it will provide one for the part it is responsible for – it will indicate all the nameservers for the TLD that we asked for. In our case, it will show the nameservers of .net.
5. The TLD DNS servers will have the answer of which exactly are the authoritative nameservers for the domain you are searching. The TLD servers of .net will have that information for all of the domain names that finish with .net. They will return that answer so the query can continue.
6. Now that we know where the authoritative nameserver of the domain name we want is, we can ask and get the A and AAAA records to understand the site’s IP address.
7. The Authoritative nameservers of the domain name will provide the DNS records, the DNS resolution will be made. The recursive nameserver of our ISP and our device will both save the DNS records that we obtained based on their TTL values. That way, if we soon want to visit the site again, we will save time and access the site faster.
8. Visit the site. Now with the DNS record already obtained, the user can access the site.

Do we need to care about it?

The answer is yes! For humans, the DNS resolution process is essential. And if something goes wrong, the use of the Internet by regular users would be extremely difficult. 

So we should be concerned about DNS resolution for two reasons:

1. The first one is the importance of the speed. When a user accesses your website, the DNS resolution is the first thing that happens. If your page takes too long to load and access, the user will probably leave. That’s why this process needs to be performed fast.
2. The second one is the availability. The nameserver in charge of handling your domain name needs to be trustworthy. A backup DNS service is a great technique to guarantee that your domain is always reachable by your customers.

What to do if DNS resolution is not working?

1. Check your internet connection. Many times when the domain name resolution fails, the main reason is that you are not connected to the Internet. Check your connectivity and restart your router.

2. Verify the problem is DNS-related. Before diving into DNS-specific solutions, confirm that the issue isn’t related to general connectivity. Try accessing the site with its IP address instead of its domain name. If this works, the problem likely lies with DNS resolution.

3. Obtain DNS server address automatically. Go to the network adapter and open the properties. Then search for the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and open its properties. From there, you can click on Obtain DNS server address automatically. This will allow your computer to receive the DNS settings from the DHCP server.

4. Release and then renew the DHCP IP address. There could be an IP address conflict because of the DHCP server. What you can do as a user is to give up the IP address lease. You can do that with a command from the Command Prompt:

ipconfig /release

After that, you can renew your IP address with the following:

ipconfig /renew

Now your connectivity should be restored.

5. Flush the DNS cache of your device. You can do that by accessing the Command Prompt (as an administrator) and performing the following command:

• On Windows, open Command Prompt and type: ipconfig /flushdns
• On macOS, open Terminal and type: sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
• On Linux, the command varies by distribution, but a common one is: sudo systemctl restart nscd

If you had a previous IP address of a domain that is no longer available, now you have deleted it. The device performs a DNS resolution again, and it should get the new IP address.

6. Disable any VPNs or proxies. VPNs and proxies can redirect your network traffic through different servers, which may cause DNS resolution issues. Try disabling them to see if that resolves the issue.

7. Check your hosts file. The hosts file on your computer can override DNS and manually map domain names to IP addresses. Ensure there are no incorrect entries that could be causing conflicts.

• On Windows, this file is located at C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
• On macOS and Linux, it’s at /etc/hosts

8. Update your DNS records. If you’re managing a domain and have recently changed DNS records, it might just be a matter of waiting. DNS propagation can take up to 48 hours.

9. The last resort is to contact your ISP and tell them the problem. There is a chance that it is related to its equipment or software, and it can fix it. Or maybe it is blocking some websites on purpose. You can at least try to find an answer from it.

DNS Monitoring: Keeping Resolution on Track

DNS resolution is a silent yet critical driver of the digital world, translating domain names into IP addresses. DNS monitoring services amplify this process’s reliability by offering continuous oversight. These services rapidly identify and help rectify resolution delays or failures, ensuring users can always reach their online destinations.

DNS monitoring checks are essential in validating the seamless operation of DNS resolution, crucial for uninterrupted internet navigation. By querying specific hostnames against expected responses, these checks can swiftly flag a DNS resolution process as operational (UP) or problematic (DOWN).

For example, monitoring might run a command like:

If the response matches the expected IP, the DNS is considered healthy. This proactive measure ensures DNS performance remains robust, which is vital for network reliability and the overall user experience.

In the event of discrepancies, debugging tools, including Traceroute, assist in tracing the issue to its source, allowing for quick resolution. Thus, integrating DNS monitoring checks is a strategic move to bolster network stability and maintain consistent service delivery.

Why do we need recursive servers?

Theoretically, authoritative nameservers are enough to keep the DNS resolution process running. You can think that the only kind of DNS servers we need is authoritative, but imagine how much load they will need to take if all the complete queries get to them.

For decreasing the load and increasing the speed, there are recursive servers (DNS resolvers) that keep the DNS records with the information needed to access a particular website for a defined period of time. This time is called TTL (time to live), and the process is named DNS cache. There are such recursive servers in the internet service providers that keep the information for many websites for the period of time defined by the TTL.

To make it easier to imagine, it generally functions as a name server, acting as a go-between the customer and the authoritative DNS server. However, without it, you won’t be able to access any website that you want to reach on.

Why DNS Resolution Times Matter and How to Improve Them

DNS resolution times are a key factor in overall website performance, as they determine how quickly a user can begin accessing a webpage. If this process takes too long, it can significantly delay page load time, creating a poor user experience. Delays have a negative impact on e-commerce and business sites, where faster loading speeds directly affect sales and user engagement.

Several factors influence DNS resolution speed are the following:

• Server Proximity: The closer the authoritative DNS server is to the user, the faster the response. Many DNS providers use Anycast routing, which directs queries to the nearest server, reducing latency and speeding up resolution times.
• Caching Efficiency: When DNS records are cached effectively, repeat queries can be answered instantly from the cache, avoiding the need for a full DNS lookup. Time to Live (TTL) values determine caching duration – longer TTLs reduce query frequency for stable sites, while shorter TTLs allow for more frequent updates.
• DNS Provider Choice: A reliable, high-performance DNS provider often has better infrastructure and caching policies, as well as multiple server locations worldwide, which can reduce resolution time. Providers typically offer faster, more secure DNS resolution than ISP default options.

How DNS Resolution Works with IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

When domain resolution occurs, it can return either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses or both, depending on the server’s configuration and the client’s capability to use either protocol. This flexibility ensures that DNS can adapt to the gradual transition from IPv4 to IPv6, supporting both legacy systems and modern networks.

The two address types serve distinct purposes:

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): IPv4 is the older protocol that uses 32-bit addresses, resulting in about 4.3 billion unique IPs. DNS A records are responsible for mapping domain names to their corresponding IPv4 addresses. However, with the explosive growth of internet-connected devices, IPv4 addresses are in short supply, which is where IPv6 steps in.
• IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): IPv6 was developed to provide a vast address space, using 128-bit addresses that allow for 340 undecillion unique IPs. This address space is critical for the future of the internet, as more devices connect daily. DNS AAAA records are responsible for returning IPv6 addresses for a domain. Additionally, the newer version of IP offers benefits beyond capacity, including better routing efficiency and improved security features.

Conclusion

DNS is a very useful system that saves a lot of time and makes our lives easier. After this article, you will know better what happens when you open a web page, how exactly the DNS resolution works, and what it means a domain name resolution.

The post What is Domain Name Resolution? appeared first on ClouDNS Blog.

What is domain registration?

Domain registration is the crucial process of reserving and owning a unique website address, known as a domain name. It establishes your online identity, allowing you to build a website and create an online presence that aligns with your brand, business, or personal endeavors. By registering a domain, you gain exclusive rights to use that address, ensuring that your website is easily accessible to visitors across the internet.

Why is domain registration so important?

Domain registration is of utmost importance as it lays the foundation for your online presence. Here’s why it holds such significance:

• Digital Identity: Your domain name serves as your unique online address, representing your brand, business, or personal identity on the internet. It allows users to find and access your website easily, establishing your presence in the digital realm.
• Brand Recognition: A well-chosen domain name enhances brand recognition. It becomes a memorable part of your brand identity and helps customers associate your website with your business. A strong domain name can contribute to building trust and credibility among your target audience.
• Online Accessibility: Registering a domain ensures that your website is accessible 24/7 from anywhere in the world. It allows users to visit your site, learn about your products or services, and engage with your content at their convenience, expanding your reach and potential customer base.
• Professionalism: A customized domain name adds a professional touch to your online presence. It distinguishes you from competitors and demonstrates a commitment to establishing a reputable brand. It provides an impression of legitimacy and seriousness to visitors and potential customers.
• Brand Control: Registering your domain name gives you complete control over your online brand. It prevents others from using the same domain, protecting your brand identity, reputation, and customer base. It also allows you to tailor your website and email addresses to align with your branding strategy.
• Search Engine Visibility: A relevant domain name that includes keywords related to your business can positively impact your search engine visibility. It can improve your website’s ranking in search engine results, increasing organic traffic and enhancing your online discoverability.

Furthermore, note that the domain name will represent you in front of all your clients. It must be well-written, and it should be easily relatable to your brand.

It is not easy to change it. You might think, “If I don’t like I will just buy another one.” It is not that simple. Yes, the domain registration is fast, and you can buy another domain, but you will need to pay for SEO services. You will need to redirect all of the old links to the new one, and still, you will lose your position on the search engines. They don’t like new domains.

Tips to choose a domain name

• Branding. Choose a name that really represents your brand. There are many top-level domains there so pick one, where you can register your domain with your brand name spelled right. Bad orthography can really affect you negatively.
• Be short and clear. You want to explain everything, but the domain name is not the place. It must be easy to remember and write. You can always add extra details on your “About us” page.
• Choose the right top-level domain (TLD). TLD is the part after the dot like com, net, org and more. If your business is local, choosing country code domain (ccTLD) is a right decision. If your business operates in the European Union, .eu is a good chose. For the international companies, the most common choice is com, net or org. However, the name you want might not be available. Check a TLD that represent you correctly.
• Limitations. Many of the domain, especially country domain, can be registered only by people who are citizens of the particular country. There might be other limitation depending on the kind of organization you have.
• Take care of copyright problems and famous international brands. Your business might be well-known in your country, but there can be a more significant international brand that has the same name. Try to evade conflicts and lose in the search result by adding an element to concretize your business like city or country abbreviation.
• Brainstorming. You might have few ideas already, but it could be tough to choose. Make a brainstorming with your team. See what kind of suggestions they have and analyze the results. This can help you figure out the best name.

Creative alternatives when your preferred domain is taken

Finding that your preferred domain name is taken can be disappointing, but there are several creative strategies to consider:

• Modify the Original Name: You can make small adjustments to your desired domain name. For instance, if “BakeShop.com” is unavailable, consider variations like “JustBakeShop.com” or “BakeShopOnline.com.”
• Explore Alternative TLDs: If your preferred .com domain is taken, look into other Top-Level Domains (TLDs) that might be a good fit. For example, a tech company called CloudServices might opt for “CloudServices.tech” or “CloudServices.io” if “CloudServices.com” is taken.
• Integrate Keywords: Adding industry-specific keywords not only makes your domain unique but also improves SEO. For instance, “exampletechsupport.com” could be an alternative to “exampletech.com.”
• Acronyms and Abbreviations: If your business name is long or commonly referred to by initials, using an acronym can be an effective alternative. For example, “International Business Machines” could be shortened to “IBM.com” if not already taken.
• Domain Auctions and Marketplaces: Some domains are sold by owners in auctions if they are highly sought after, which might be a viable option if you are committed to a specific name.

Which is the best TLD for your businesse?

When it comes to selecting the most suitable top-level domain (TLD) also known as domain extention for your business, certain options are particularly popular and widely recognized. Here’s a guide to help you make an informed decision:

1. .com: The .com TLD is the most widely used and recognized domain extension globally. It is suitable for businesses with an international focus and offers a broad reach across different countries and industries. Consider .com if you seek a widely recognized and established TLD for your business.
2. .co: The .co TLD has gained popularity as an alternative to .com. It is often associated with “company” or “commerce” and can be an excellent choice for businesses that want a shorter and more memorable domain name. The .co TLD offers a global appeal and is widely recognized, making it suitable for various industries and businesses.
3. .io: The .io TLD has gained popularity among tech startups and businesses in the technology sector. It has a tech-savvy connotation and can be an excellent choice if your business operates in the technology, software, or startup space.
4. .org: The .org TLD was initially intended for nonprofit organizations but has expanded to encompass various entities, including businesses that focus on social causes or community initiatives. If your business has a strong social or nonprofit element, choosing .org can align well with your mission.
5. .net: The .net TLD was originally intended for network infrastructure but is now widely used by various businesses. It can be a suitable alternative to .com, especially if your desired domain name is not available with a .com extension.
6. Country Code TLDs (ccTLDs): Country-specific TLDs, such as .us for the United States or .uk for the United Kingdom, can be advantageous for businesses with a local or regional focus. Using a ccTLD helps establish a strong connection with customers in specific countries and can enhance local trust and credibility.

Remember, popularity should not be the sole determining factor in choosing a TLD. Consider your business’s specific needs, target audience, and branding requirements. Conduct thorough research and consult with experts if necessary to make an informed decision about the best TLD for your business.

The Role of Domain Security Measures

Effective security measures are crucial for protecting your domain and ensuring a safe browsing experience for your users. Here’s a concise overview of essential security practices:

SSL Certificates
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates are vital for any website, encrypting data transmitted between the site and its visitors. This encryption helps secure sensitive information from interception and misuse, boosts search engine rankings, and increases user trust, as browsers typically mark secure sites with an SSL certificate as safe.

DDoS Protection
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) protection is essential to safeguard your website against attacks that attempt to overwhelm it with excessive traffic. DDoS protection services differentiate between legitimate user traffic and attack traffic, allowing your site to remain operational and accessible even under attack.

Comprehensive Security Practices
Beyond SSL and DDoS protection, consider the following practices to enhance your domain’s security:

• Regular Updates: Maintain security by regularly updating website software and scripts to protect against vulnerabilities.
• Strong Access Controls: Use robust passwords and multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all related accounts to enhance security.
• Backup Solutions: Implement regular data backups to quickly restore your website if needed.
• Network Security Measures: Utilize firewalls and other network security tools to prevent unauthorized access.

These streamlined security measures ensure that your domain remains secure, enhancing your website’s credibility and protecting your users’ data.

Why purchase a domain name from ClouDNS?

When you are ready to buy a domain name, you can find that numerous companies offer this service. What sets ClouDNS apart is the wide variety of TLDs, ccTLDs and gTLDs at affordable prices. Furthermore, you gain the advantage of easily comparing prices across different TLDs and accessing exclusive promotions that may not be available elsewhere.

At ClouDNS, we go beyond domain registration. We offer additional services such as SSL certificates, DNS management and Monitoring allowing you to conveniently bundle these essential components with your domain purchase. Additionally, ClouDNS offers a special benefit for every domain registration: a 30-day Premium DNS S account bonus. This allows you to enjoy enhanced features and capabilities during the initial stages of your online presence.

But how do you choose the best DNS for your business? Our team is here to assist you in making that decision. We understand the importance of a reliable and efficient DNS infrastructure to ensure the smooth functioning of your online presence.

Conclusion

In conclusion, domain registration is vital for your online presence. Choose a domain name that reflects your brand, keeping it short and memorable. Consider the appropriate TLD, be mindful of limitations and copyright issues, and involve your team in the brainstorming process. A well-chosen domain name enhances brand recognition, professionalism, and search engine visibility.

The post Domain registration. How to choose a domain name? appeared first on ClouDNS Blog.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is often compared to a phonebook, and there are a lot of similarities. It is another type of database. DNS is a global system that we all use on a daily basis when we want to access any website. It contains and distributes information about domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. This way, when we type a simple domain name, our browsers or application will use the DNS to search for its IP address and connect us. The DNS is divided into domains from different levels, and it is managed through DNS zones that are decentralized. An administrator of a higher level can delegate a zone to another under it. For example, when you get a domain name (secondary-level domain like yoursite.com), the higher level .com (TLD) can delegate you the right to manage the zone yoursite.com. You can further delegate responsibility for all subdomains like mail.yoursite.com, ftp.yoursite.com, etc. To manage domain names, you add DNS records, which are a set of instructions related to your domains, hosts, services, and more.

Domain Name System explained

List of DNS terms

Here you have the most important DNS terms that you will need to manage your domain name. First, you can learn the basics of DNS, and later you can expand your knowledge with larger articles that go into greater details on topics like DNS records, DNS features, and processes. 

Domain Name

It’s an identifier of a host, a text line, that servers for mapping to an IP address (a line of numbers like: 46.166.142.62) for easy access to a website. By now, you have typed a lot of different domain names in the URL bar of your browser to reach different websites. Example: cloudns.net

Machines have always searched websites through their IP address. Numbers are the best way for machines to understand each other. But numbers are hard to be remembered by humans. That’s why domain names were created. To have a friendly choice for humans to reach the websites they look for.

IP Address

An Internet Protocol address is another host identifier that is created of a line of numbers divided into groups by periods. Example: 46.166.142.62. IP addresses are needed so devices can connect to networks and communicate using the Internet Protocol (IP).

The set of numbers on every public IP address is mathematically generated and allocated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). An entity of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

Basically, IP addresses allow the identification, location, and communication of hosts on a network. Every device uses a unique IP address. This way, the Internet and networks, in general, can distinguish all the websites, routers, connected computers.

Many IPv4 addresses are still in use, but the latest standard IPv6 is growing in popularity.

TLD (Top-level Domain)

Domain names have a hierarchy structure. The top-level domain is one of its parts, and it’s located, reading from right to left, just after the final dot for the root and before the secondary-level domain name. Examples: .com, .gov, .uk, .ru, etc.

Initially, TLDs were created to organize domain names by their purpose, geographical location, field, operation radius. By only reading this part of a domain name, users could also know if a website they visited belonged to a commercial, government, non-profit organization, operating regionally, locally, internationally, and so on.

In the beginning, this use was more strict. In 2010, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) accepted the creation of new, generic, trademark TLDs. Now, TLDs are chosen to obey Marketing objectives too.

FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)

It’s the most complete domain name that hosts can have. It points to the exact location of a domain name in the domain name system (DNS) tree hierarchy. This is expressed through the three parts that shape every domain name: hostname, second-level domain name, and top-level domain name (TLD). Following this structure, here you have an example: www.cloudns.net.

Anycast DNS

Anycast DNS is a traffic routing method where the same IP address is used for multiple nameservers located in different locations. Usually, there are many locations (points of presence) – at least 20 for a well-sized DNS provider. Having a large number of servers makes Anycast DNS resistant to DNS attacks and provides redundancy in general. 

When a client request a domain, the router will direct its request to the nearest nameserver. This will reduce the latency and offer a better experience for the clients.

Dynamic DNS

Dynamic DNS, also known as DDNS, is an automatic method of updating nameservers. The most common use case is to update IP addresses that are contained in A records (IPv4) or AAAA records (IPv6) when a change has occurred. It is particularly useful for CCTV cameras or remote services because with Dynamic DNS, you don’t need to pay for static IP addresses. The IP addresses will change over time, but they will be updated, and you won’t experience problems. After the initial setup process, you don’t need to interact with the settings, and it will continue to function.

DNSSEC

DNSSEC is a security extension that has the goal to protect DNS communication and stop DNS spoofing. It encrypts the DNS communication with a combination of private and public keys. One that the zone administrator uses to sign it and the other for authentication of the origin of the data. What makes it a good protective mechanism is that it is a complete chain of trust. Starting from the root zone down to the TLD zone, the domain zone, and subdomains, each zone above will have the key for the next one. It adds security to the fast DNS process without a significant slowdown.

DNS Server (types)

There are different DNS servers, and each has specific functionality.

Root server. It belongs to the highest level of DNS servers. It’s the authoritative name server for a specific DNS root zone. It points to the TLD of the requested domain name.

TLD server. It’s responsible of specific TLDs (.com, .gov, .uk, .net, etc.). It will point to the exact, authoritative name server that can provide the IP address for the requested domain name.

Recursive DNS server. The server takes the user’s DNS request and looks for the IP address or other information needed for the requested domain name. It will communicate with all the other DNS servers in the hierarchy for getting this information.

Authoritative DNS server. It contains all the DNS records for the zone it’s in charge of. It answers the requests that recursive DNS servers have by providing the corresponding A or AAAA record and the IP address of the requested domain or another DNS record.

Primary authoritative DNS servers. They answer DNS requests, and they store the original zone file. Therefore, DNS records’ modifications can only be made on these servers. 

Secondary authoritative DNS servers. They also respond to DNS requests, but what they store is a copy of the zone file. This copy is not editable at all, only readable. 

DNS Zone

The DNS system has a structure that looks like an inverted tree. It is divided into domain names on different levels. The highest level is the root, after many TLDs, secondary-level domains, and later multiple levels of subdomains. To administrate those domain names, there are DNS zones on each level. The DNS zones are partitions of the Domain Name Space that contain DNS zone files with DNS records for managing. A DNS zone administrator can add or remove DNS records inside the Primary DNS zone.

DNS records

DNS records are simple files that contain text with instructions related to the domain name they belong to. They can link domain names to IP addresses, add instructions for email servers, point to specific services, and much more. The DNS records are hosted inside a host file in a DNS zone. The zone is located inside an authoritative nameserver.

There are many types of DNS records, but the most popular ones are:

A record – Links a domain name to an IP address. 

CNAME record – Forwards subdomains to the domain name.

MX record – Indicates the email servers that should receive emails for the domain name.

TXT record – Multiple verifications and authentication purposes.

NS record – Shows the nameservers for the domain name.

SOA record – Start of authority.

SRV record – Links services to port numbers.

PTR record – The Pointer record links an IP address to a domain name.

The Importance of DNS Terminology

Understanding DNS terminology is crucial for various reasons, including the following:

• Efficient Troubleshooting: Solid knowledge of DNS terms allows IT professionals to diagnose and resolve technical issues more efficiently. Identifying the root cause of problems, such as domain resolution failures or misconfigured DNS records, becomes significantly easier and faster.
• Enhanced Security: Cybersecurity is a top priority nowadays. Therefore, it is best for professionals to understand DNS terminology in order to detect and respond to potential threats. Understanding terms like DNSSEC, DNS spoofing, cache poisoning, and DDoS attacks helps strengthen the security of networks and web services.
• Performance Optimization: Website owners and developers can benefit from understanding DNS terminology to optimize the performance of their online presence. Fine-tuning DNS settings, minimizing TTL values, and ensuring proper DNS record configurations contribute to faster and more reliable website performance.
• Effective Communication: Clear communication within IT teams, especially between developers, network administrators, and support teams, is crucial, especially when they need to communicate complex technical issues. A common understanding of DNS terms allows effective communication and collaboration within teams.
• Domain Management: Individuals and organizations involved in registering and managing domains must be familiar with DNS terminology to make informed decisions. Knowledge of terms like TLDs, registrars, and DNS hosting providers empowers domain owners to navigate the complexities of the domain ecosystem.

Conclusion

This list of basic DNS terms you should know is a good start for exploring the DNS. If you want to learn even more, follow our blog, in which we regularly post new extended articles. Also, don’t miss our Wiki page and YouTube channel.

The post Basic DNS terms you should know (List + Infographic) appeared first on ClouDNS Blog.

What is domain transfer?

Domain transfer refers to the process of moving a registered domain name from one domain registrar to another. It is a common practice when individuals or businesses are dissatisfied with their current domain registrar’s services, pricing, or overall experience. The transfer allows them to switch to a new registrar that better meets their needs. During a domain transfer, the ownership and management of the domain name are transferred from the current registrar to the new registrar. It typically involves steps such as unlocking the domain, obtaining an authorization code, initiating the transfer process, and verifying the transfer with both the old and new registrars.

Why should you move your domain name to ClouDNS

One year FREE – We offer you a one-year extension for free! You can enjoy the extra period at no additional cost. Whether you decide to transfer months in advance or just before your domain’s expiration, rest assured that not a single moment will be lost. For instance, if your domain is set to expire on Jul 13, 2023, and you initiate the transfer on Jun 13, 2023, behold the magic—the new expiry date becomes Jul 13, 2024!

Seamless transfer – We value your online presence and know that every second counts. With ClouDNS, the transfer process is as smooth as silk. We take special care to ensure that your domain name’s name servers remain unchanged throughout the transfer journey. This means you can wave goodbye to downtime worries – your domain will retain its seamless online presence throughout the entire process.

Risk-free transfer – We understand that glitches can happen, plans can change, or unexpected hurdles may arise during the transfer process. But fear not! We’ve got you covered with our risk-free transfers. If, by any chance, your domain transfer encounters any roadblocks or is canceled, we’ll promptly credit the full amount you paid for the transfer back to your customer account. 

Premium DNS account – You can use all features of our Premium DNS for 30 days for free. After this period, your account will automatically become a Free account. However, if you wish to continue enjoying the benefits of our Premium DNS, you can easily upgrade to the Premium plan at any time.

How to transfer your domain name to ClouDNS?

We will explain the necessary steps that you need to take to transfer your domain name to us:

1. Review your contact information with your current domain register. If you are using an e-mail from the domain you want to move, you better change to another mailbox like Gmail or Yahoo Mail. Like this, you won’t have problems with the next steps.

2. Request to unlock your domain. You should do it in the control panel of your current domain registrar.

3. Request the Authorization Code (transfer code; domain secret; EPP code) from your current domain registrar.

4. Be sure you haven’t moved your domain in the last 60 days, or you didn’t register it during that period. The international regulator ICANN doesn’t allow it.

5. Now go to our website and register or sign in to your account.  When you are done, select Transfer from the Dashboard. Add the domain name you want to transfer and check the Transfer Fee. There, you can see the future price for renewal. You will need to use the Authorization Code from step 3.

6. After confirming, you will get redirected to the cart. You will need to add your information. The fields with * are a must

7. Then you will need to choose a payment method (see the options).

8. Once the payment is completed and the transfer is started, your old registrar will contact you to verify the process.

9. You are done!

Welcome to ClouDNS! Now that you already successfully transferred your domain name, you can see other additional services that can come in handy like SSL certificates and Managed DNS services.

FAQ’s 

Question: How long does a domain transfer take?
Answer: The duration of a domain transfer can vary, but it typically takes around 5 to 7 days. The actual time can depend on factors such as the domain extension and the responsiveness of the current registrar. While some transfers may be completed sooner, it’s advisable to allow for this timeframe when planning your domain transfer. 

Question: Can I transfer an expired domain?
Answer: Yes, you can still transfer an expired domain. However, there are some considerations. If you have renewed the domain with your previous registrar after it expired, it’s recommended to wait for at least 60 days from the previous expiry date before initiating the transfer. Transferring within this period may result in the loss of the renewal fees paid to the previous registrar and may not add an additional year to your domain registration.

Question: Will my website experience any downtime during the domain transfer?
Answer: No, your website will not experience any downtime during the domain transfer process. At ClouDNS, we prioritize a seamless transition. Your domain’s name servers remain unchanged throughout the transfer, ensuring uninterrupted access to your website, emails, and other associated services.

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